Evaluation of some effective potentialities of newly formulated rice fermented food using Elephantopus scaber L. rhizome as herbal starter

Traditionally, fermented food and beverages are prepared by adding a mixture of plant residues as a starter or source of microbes. Most of the conventional fermented foods use a local starter which contains a mixture of herbs or old ferment or otherwise cereal dust-coated tablet. In this study, we have made an attempt to prepare a rice-based fermented food with the herbal starter (0.5% w/w) of Elephantopus scaber L. rhizome, and also examined its microbial and nutrient profiles. The food product is fortified with organic acid and titratable acidity of 0.58% and also contained an excellent source of microbes (LAB and Bifidobacterium sp.). The fermented food contains significant amount of fat, protein, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharide, unsaturated fatty acids (?3, ?6, ?7 and ?9) and a pool of free amino acids. The presence of phytochemical contents in the fermented rice was also exhibited significant effects against commercially available free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and OH-radicals). Thus, food-grade microbes containing newly formulated fermented food would provide essential macro-and micro-nutrients to the individuals and convey the sustainability of good health. Therefore, the mentioned plant part would be used as an effective starter for aiding rice-based food products.

Targeting a cryptic allosteric site of SIRT6 with small-molecule inhibitors that inhibit the migration of pancreatic cancer cells

SIRT6 belongs to the conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylase superfamily and mediates multiple biological and pathological processes. Targeting SIRT6 by allosteric modulators represents a novel direction for therapeutics, which can overcome the selectivity problem caused by the structural similarity of orthosteric sites among deacetylases. Here, developing a reversed allosteric strategy AlloReverse, we identified a cryptic allosteric site, Pocket Z, which was only induced by the bi-directional allosteric signal triggered upon orthosteric binding of NAD+. Based on Pocket Z, we discovered an SIRT6 allosteric inhibitor named JYQ-42. JYQ-42 selectively targets SIRT6 among other histone deacetylases and effectively inhibits SIRT6 deacetylation, with an IC50 of 2.33 μmol/L. JYQ-42 significantly suppresses SIRT6-mediated cancer cell migration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. JYQ-42, to our knowledge, is the most potent and selective allosteric SIRT6 inhibitor. This study provides a novel strategy for allosteric drug design and will help in the challenging development of therapeutic agents that can selectively bind SIRT6.

A Review on Traditional and Recent Approaches for Predication of Breeding Soundness Evolution in Bull

The breeding soundness examination (BSE) predicts about bull’s potential to get cows pregnant. To identify a bull’s potential fertility, breeding-soundness examinations are frequently used in the beef industry. Bull BSE is a simple, cheap, and essential tool for a cow-calf operation. BSE enhances risk management, strategic bull use, herd fertility, and economics. It is carried out to determine a bull’s libido, and reproductive status, and to test for different genital diseases. Based on the BSE bulls are given one of three classifications: “satisfactory,” “unsatisfactory,” or “classification postponed”. Accurate Semen evaluation is an important factor of the BSE. Competent physical/reproductive exams and appropriate semen evaluations can contribute greatly to the fertility and economics of individual herds as well as understanding of factors which affect fertility

Effect of low-density lipoproteins and trehalose on the quality of cryopreserved bovine semen / Efecto de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad y la trehalosa en la calidad del semen bovino criopreservado / Efeito das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade e trealose na qualidade do sêmen bovino criopreservado

Abstract Background: In artificial insemination, chicken egg yolk is added to bovine semen to protect it during the cryopreservation process, although it contains substances that can affect the microbiological quality and metabolism of sperm. Objective: To evaluate post-thaw quality of bovine cryopreserved semen added with centrifuged and non-centrifuged egg yolk, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and trehalose (T). Methods: Ten ejaculates from five bulls were cryopreserved under the treatments T1: pure egg yolk (PEY) at 20% v/v, T2: centrifuged egg yolk (CEY) at 20% v/v, T3: LDL at 8% v/v, T4: T at 100 mM, and T5: T at 100 mM plus LDL at 8% v/v (TLDL). Spermatic motility and kinetics, functional membrane integrity (FMI), structural membrane integrity (SMI), sperm vitality (SV) and abnormal morphology (AM) were assessed using the Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®) system, hypoosmotic test (HOST), SYBR/PI probes, and eosin-nigrosin staining, respectively. A completely randomized design was used. Normal distribution of the variables was validated through the Kolmogórov- Smirnov test. A generalized linear model was used to determine sources of variation. Means were compared using the Tukey test. Results: Inclusion of CEY or LDL had a similar effect on sperm protection, and were superior for motility, kinetics and membrane integrity compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). CEY was superior for progressive motility (p<0.05). The cryoprotective action of LDL was similar to TLDL for motility and kinetics, SMI, SV, and AM (p<0.05). Inclusion of PEY and T resulted in the lowest semen quality (p<0.05). The use of T resulted in a reduction in FMI and SMI (p<0.05). No differences in AM between treatments were found (p>0.05). Conclusions: Egg yolk can be replaced by centrifuged egg yolk or low-density lipoproteins in the freezing extender used for bovine semen used in artificial insemination.

Resumen Antecedentes: la yema de huevo de gallina se agrega al semen bovino usado en inseminación artificial para protegerlo durante el proceso de criopreservación, aunque ésta tiene sustancias que pueden afectar el metabolismo espermatico y la calidad microbiológica del semen. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad post-descongelación del semen bovino criopreservado agregado con yema de huevo centrifugada y no centrifugada, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) y trehalosa (T). Métodos: diez eyaculados de cinco toros se criopreservaron bajo los tratamientos, T1: yema de huevo pura (PEY) al 20% v/v, T2: yema de huevo centrifugada (CEY) al 20% v/v, T3: LDL al 8% v/v, T4: T a 100 mM, y T5: T a 100 mM más LDL al 8% v/v (TLDL). La movilidad y la cinética espermática, la integridad funcional de la membrana (FMI), la integridad estructural de la membrana (SMI), la vitalidad espermática (SV) y la morfología anormal (AM), se determinaron mediante el sistema Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®), la prueba hipoosmótica (HOST), las sondas SYBR/PI y la tinción con eosina-nigrosina, respectivamente. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar. La normalidad de las variables se validó mediante la prueba de Kolmogórov-Smirnov. Se utilizó un modelo lineal generalizado para determinar las fuentes de variación. Las medias de los tratamientos se compararon mediante la prueba de Tukey. Resultados: CEY y LDL tuvieron un efecto similar en la protección de los espermatozoides, siendo superiores a los demás tratamientos respecto a movilidad, cinética e integridad de la membrana (p<0,05). CEY fue superior para la movilidad progresiva (p<0,05). La acción crioprotectora de LDL fue similar a TLDL para movilidad y cinética, SMI, AM y SV (p<0,05). PEY y T resultaron en la más baja calidad seminal (p<0,05). El uso de T redujo la FMI y la SMI (p<0,05). No se encontraron diferencias en AM entre los tratamientos (p>0,05). Conclusiones: la yema de huevo puede reemplazarse por yema de huevo centrifugada o por lipoproteinas de baja densidad en el diluyente de congelación usado para semen bovino destinado a inseminacion artificial.

Resumo Antecedentes: a gema de ovo de galinha tem sido utilizada com a finalidade de proteger o sêmen bovino durante o processo de criopreservação, embora tenha substâncias que possam afetar o metabolismo dos espermatozóides e a qualidade microbiológica do sêmen utilizado para a inseminação artificial. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade pós-descongelamento do sêmen bovino criopreservado com gema de ovo centrifugada e não centrifugada, lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL) e trealose (T). Métodos: dez ejaculados de cinco touros foram criopreservados sob os tratamentos, T1: gema de ovo pura (PEY) 20% v/v, T2: gema de ovo centrifugada (CEY) 20% v/v, T3: LDL 8% v/v, T4: T 100 mM e T5: T 100 mM mais LDL 8% v/v (TLDL). Mobilidade e cinética espermática, integridade funcional da membrana (FMI), integridade estrutural da membrana (SMI), vitalidade espermática (SV) e morfologia anormal (AM) foram determinadas por o sistema Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®), teste hiposmótico (HOST), coloração com SYBR/PI e eosina-nigrosina, respectivamente. Um design completamente aleatoriedade foi usado. A normalidade das variáveis foi validada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Um modelo linear generalizado foi utilizado para determinar as fontes de variação. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Resultados: T2 (CEY) e T3 (LDL) tiveram efeito similar na proteção espermática, sendo superior aos demais tratamentos para mobilidade, cinética e integridade da membrana (p<0,05). T2 (CEY) foi superior para mobilidade progressiva (p<0,05). A ação crioprotetora de T3 (LDL) foi semelhante à T5 (TLDL) para motilidade e cinética, SMI, SV e AM (p<0,05). T1 (PEY) e T4 (T) tiveram a menor qualidade seminal (p<0,05). O uso de T4 (T) produziu uma redução na SMI e FMI (p<0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças na AM entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). Conclusões: a gema de ovo pode ser substituída por gema de ovo centrifugada ou lipoproteínas de baixa densidade no diluente de congelamento de sêmen bovino.

Principal component analysis on fatty acid composition of the meat deriving from calves, young bull and bull of Maremmana breed slaughtered at different age / Análise de componentes principais na composição de ácidos graxos da carne provenientes de vitelos, novilhos e touros da raça Maremmana abatidos em idades diferentes

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the performance at slaughtering of calves; young bull and bull of Maremmana breed, and compared, through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on fatty acid composition, the characteristics of the resulting meat categories: veal, young bull meat and bull meat. The Maremmana cattle is a local endangered breed deriving from Tuscany and Latium. The animals of this study were raised under same conditions in pasture with hay and concentrate supplementations. Eighteen calves of 12-14 months, 27 young bulls of 18 months and 14 bulls of 20-24 months were slaughtered in this trial. The performances at slaughtering were considered, and on the meat samples, the chemical analysis and the fatty acid composition were carried out. Results were submitted to ANOVA and PCA, and a Heat map that considered the fatty acid distances among meat typologies was built. Slaughtering performances were better in young bulls and bulls. Chemical composition didn't differ among meat categories. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were similar among meats, but Monounsaturated (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower in veal. Desirable fatty acids and Healthy Indices were better in veal. The results of PCA and Heat map confirmed that veal was quite different from other meats. Maremmana meat deriving from animals of different age has shown overall good characteristics, suitable for the diet of western country population.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho no abate de bezerros, novilhos e touros da raça Maremmana, e comparar, por meio de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), a composição de ácidos graxos e as características da carne das diferentes categorias: bezerro, novilho e touro. Os animais deste estudo foram criados nas mesmas condições em pastagem com suplementação de feno e concentrado. Foram utilizados 18 vitelos abatidos aos 12-14 meses, 27 novilhos abatidos aos 18 meses e 14 touros abatidos aos 20-24 meses. Sucessivamente foi analisado o desempenho ao abate e as características nutricionais e físico-químicas do Musculus longissimus dorsi. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Os parâmetros de abate foram melhores em novilhos e touros. A idade ao abate não afetou as características químicas da carne. Não houve diferença em relação à porcentagem de ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), mas a carne de vitela apresentou menor teor de monoinsaturados (MUFA) e poliinsaturados (PUFA). Os ácidos graxos desejáveis e os índices de saúde foram melhores na carne de vitela. A composição de ácidos graxos foi utilizada também, na análise multivariada dos componentes principais e no mapa de calor, como variável discriminatória para os três categorias de carne; essas análises confirmaram que o produto cárneo de vitela é diferente de outros tipos. A carne de Maremmana proveniente de animais de diferentes faixas etárias mostrou boas características gerais, adequadas para a dieta da população do país ocidental.

Segmentation method of myocardial perfusion bull-eye for the degree of loss of cardiac ischemia / 生物医学工程学杂志

As one of the non-invasive imaging techniques, myocardial perfusion imaging provides a basis for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease. Aiming at the bull-eye image in myocardial perfusion imaging, this paper proposed a branching structure, which included multi-layer transposed convolution up-sampling concatenate module and four-channel weighted channels attention module, and the output results of the branch structure were fused with the output results of trunk U-Net, to achieve accurate segmentation of the cardiac ischemia missing degree in myocardial perfusion bull-eye image. The experimental results show that the multi-layer transposed convolution up-sampling concatenate module realizes the fusion of different depth feature maps, and effectively reduces the interference of the severe sparse degree which is similar to the missing degree on the segmentation. Four-channel weighted attention module can further improve the ability to distinguish between the two similar degrees and the ability to learn edge details of the targets, and retain more abundant edge details features. The experimental data came from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin First Central Hospital and Third Central Hospital. The Jaccard scores in the self-built dataset was 5.00% higher than that of U-Net. The model presented in this paper is superior to other optimized models based on U-Net, and the subjective evaluation meets the accuracy requirements for clinical diagnosis.

Análisis de la integridad del cuerno del toro de lidia: Métodos oficiales y complementarios / Analysis of the integrity of the fighting bull's horn: Official and complementary methods / Análise da integridade do chifre de boi: Métodos oficiais e complementares

Resumen La cornamenta del toro de lidia es la parte anatómica más importante del animal, ya que le confiere su carácter ofensivo y a la vez le dota de pureza e integridad. En la actualidad el veterinario es el garante de la intangibilidad de los cuernos y el encargado de examinarlos para evitar el fraude. Con el presente trabajo se pretende describir la metodología existente para el análisis de la manipulación del cuerno de cara a un mayor conocimiento de la comunidad científica veterinaria. Se recogen tanto los métodos descritos en la legislación vigente como otros sistemas que se podrían utilizar en el futuro basado en las nuevas tecnologías de análisis de imagen.

Abstract A bull's horns are the most important anatomical part of the animal, since it confers its offensive character while simultaneously endowing it with purity and integrity. Currently, the veterinarian is the guarantor of the intangibility of the horns and the person in charge of examining them to prevent fraud. The present work aims to describe to the veterinary scientific community, the methodology for the analysis of the manipulation of bull horns. Both the methods described in the current legislation and other systems that could be used in the future based on the new technologies of image analysis have been collected.

Resumo A cornadura ou chifres do boi é a parte da anatomia mais importante no animal, pois confere o seu caráter ofensivo e ao mesmo tempo pureza e integridade. Atualmente é o médico veterinário o encarregado de garantir a integridade dos chifres, sendo o responsável do exame para evitar fraudes. Este artigo pretende descrever a metodologia para a análise da manipilação dos cornos/chifres, a fim de obter uma melhor compreensão da comunidade científica. São tratados os métodos recolhidos na legislação atual, além dos possiveis métodos que poderiam ser usados no futuro com base nas novas tecnologias de análises mediante imagem.

Ascertaining the paternal lineage in crossbred calves

Karyotyping is one among the culling parameter used for taking up culling decisions. Cytogenetic screening of breeding bulls has been recommended to screen for chromosomal abnormalities before semen production in artificial insemination. The chromosomal analysis of a Holstein Friesian crossbred bull revealed the presence of acrocentric Y-chromosome, which was further confirmed by CBGbanding. The shape of the Y-chromosome determining that male line used for crossbreeding was from indigenous origin. Karyotyping is a best and reliable technique for the identification of crossbred calves born to the indigenous bulls.

Padronização do exame ultrassonográfico do prepúcio e da parte livre do pênis em bovinos / Standardization of ultrasound examination of the prepuce and free end of the bovine penis

A ultrassonografia é um exame complementar não invasivo ainda pouco utilizado na avaliação prepucial e sem descrições detalhadas da parte livre do pênis (PLP) de bovinos. Este estudo objetivou padronizar a ultrassonografia prepucial em bovinos hígidos da raça Nelore com um ano de idade e, para tanto, descreveu o aspecto da lâmina interna prepucial (LIP) e da PLP, determinando as principais janelas acústicas, a viabilidade da utilização de contraste no lúmen da cavidade prepucial (LCP) e o melhor posicionamento do animal para a realização do exame. O escaneamento foi realizado com os animais na posição quadrupedal e em decúbito lateral direito. Foram determinadas cinco janelas acústicas a partir do óstio até a identificação do recesso prepucial. Os escaneamentos foram realizados nos planos longitudinais, transversais e dorsais, antes e após a infiltração de solução fisiológica a 0,9% no LCP. Como conclusões, o exame ultrassonográfico permitiu identificar a LIP e a PLP em todos os planos e em todas as janelas acústicas propostas. O melhor ponto de referência é a identificação da glande. O posicionamento quadrupedal é mais adequado para a realização do exame e o uso de contraste é recomendado para delimitação topográfica das estruturas.(AU)

Ultrasonography is a noninvasive complementary exam that is still rarely used in the preputial evaluation and without detailed descriptions of the bovine free end of the penis. The purpose of this study was to standardize preputial ultrasonography in one-year-old healthy Nelore cattle, describing the main acoustic windows, the viability of using contrast in the preputial cavity and the best positioning of the animal for performing the ultrasound examination. The scanning was performed with the animals in standing and decubitus position. Five acoustic windows were determined from the preputial ostium to the preputial fornix, at the free end of the penis. The scans were performed in longitudinal, transverse and dorsal planes, before and after infiltration of 0.9% saline solution into the preputial cavity. As conclusions, the ultrasound examination is able to identify the internal layer and the free part of the penis in all proposed planes and acoustic windows. The best landmark is the identification of the glans. Furthermore, standing positioning is the most appropriate to perform the exam and the use of contrast is recommended for topographic delimitation of the structures.(AU)

Retrospective study of radiographic changes in athletic bulls with orthopedic disorders / Estudo retrospectivo das alterações radiográficas de touros atletas com doenças ortopédicas

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the lesions that affect athlete bulls and to correlate the disorders with weight, age, affected limb and region of the limb. The present study was accomplished using radiographic images of athletic rodeo bulls collected from the medical and surgical records of the large animal service at the veterinary hospital. Radiographic images were evaluated for 136 bulls that were taken care of at the Veterinary Hospital, ranging in age from 4 to 13 years, with an average weight of 800kg and proven prior physical activity through participation in rodeos. The chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to assess the association between the studied variables. It was observed that 71.6% of the bulls studied and suffering from lameness had radiographic lesions, predominantly in experienced animals. Enthesopathy in starter and experienced bulls, septic arthritis in starter bulls, and fractures and degenerative joint disease in experienced bulls were the most frequent radiographic lesions diagnosed. The region of limb where the majority of radiographic changes occurred was the digits. Risk factors and occurrence of diseases of the locomotor system in athletic bulls are similar to those in sport equines.(AU)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi demostrar quais lesões acometem touros atletas, correlacionando as desordens com peso, idade, membro e região afetada. O presente estudo foi realizado utilizando radiografias de touros atletas de rodeio, após levantamento dos prontuários clínicos e cirúrgicos do serviço de grandes animais de um hospital veterinário. Foram avaliadas radiografias de 136 touros que haviam sido atendidos em tal hospital, com idade variando de quatro a 13 anos, com média de peso de 800kg e realizavam participação em rodeios. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis estudadas foi utilizado o teste exato de Fischer e o Qui-quadrado. Observou-se que 71,6% dos touros estudados que claudicavam, apresentavam lesões radiográficas, predominantemente em animais mais experientes. A entesiopatia em todos os animais, artrite séptica nos touros iniciantes, fraturas e doença articular degenerativa nos touros mais experientes, foram as alterações radiográficas mais frequentes. As regiões com maior ocorrência de lesões radiográficas foram os dígitos. Os fatores de risco para ocorrência de doenças no sistema locomotor de touros atletas são diversos, similares aos que ocorrem nos equinos atletas.(AU)

Quantification of Sexual Behaviour Traits in Presence of Teaser Male in Relation to Libido and Semen Quality in Buffalo Bull

Screening and selecting bulls for desirable reproductive traits and high libido is known to improve the reproductive performance of the herd. Evaluation of sexual behaviour and semiogram is very useful in demarcating the high fertility bulls. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to quantify the sexual behaviour in presence of male teaser in relation to semen quality in buffalo bulls. Bulls were categorized into two groups (high and low libido) on the basis of reaction time. The average duration of first licking of prepucial area was significantly (p<0.05) lower in high libido bulls as compared to low libido bulls. The average frequency and overall duration of licking of prepucial area until ejaculation in high libido buffalo bulls was significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared to low libido bulls. The average time lag to show flehmen response following sniffing and licking the prepucial area and urine of teaser male was similar (p>0.05) in high and low libido buffalo bulls. The average chin resting time were similar (p>0.05) in high and low libido buffalo bulls. Individual sperm motility (%) and viability (%) was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in high than the low libido bulls. Sperm abnormality (%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in low libido bulls. Therefore, it can be concluded that breeding buffalo bulls can be demarcated for high libido based on quantification of sexual behaviour traits in relation to semen picture

Macular toxicity after short-term hydroxychloroquine therapy

We report an unusual case of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity after only 2 months of starting the treatment. A 42-year-old woman presented with visual impairment. Her visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a bull's eye pattern in both eyes which was more prominent in the left eye. She had received HCQ therapy (400 mg/day) for 1 month, and had been taking 200 mg/day for 1 month for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. HCQ macular toxicity is rarely seen in short-term use, before 5 years, and to our knowledge, there is only one other case reported in the literature.

Development of Sperm Separation System using Electrical Current for Bull / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#A novel electrophoretic separation system has been successfully applied for the preparation of human sperm prior to the execution of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). This new system is designed to overcome the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through centrifugation in conventional sperm preparation. Since the previous study showed favorable outcomes in humans, this study intends to implement this new system for animal sperm preparation particularly in bull. Fresh semen from adult bulls were used. Optimization of the electrophoretic system for optimum bull sperm separation involved different strength of voltage and separation time. The voltages applied were 10V, 20V, 30V, 40V, 50V, and 60V. For each voltage applied, the system was operated for a duration of 12 min. An average of 10 µl fractionalized semen was taken out at the collection site at every 2-min interval. Every fractionated sperm was then evaluated for percentage of viability, motility, and DNA damage assessment. Result showed that electrophoresis at 20V and 6 min yielded more than 80% viable and more than 70% motile sperm population with the lowest DNA damage. In conclusion, the system was able to fractionate high quality bull sperm at 20V and 6 min.

Cloning of breeding buffalo bulls in India: Initiatives & challenges

The term animal cloning refers to an asexual mean of reproduction to produce genetically identical copies of any animal without the use of sperm. In India, the cloning of buffalo is well established and clones of the Murrah, the best dairy breed of buffalo, have been produced. The most acclaimed example is the restoration of progeny-tested breeding bull by isolating somatic cells from frozen doses of semen, which were stored for more than a decade in the semen bank. Buffalo bull cloning is considered the best available option to reproduce declared proven bulls and their semen would contribute to accomplishing the demand of ever-growing frozen semen, which is the prime requirement of conventional breeding. This article highlights the importance of buffalo bull cloning and its current status in India.

Comparação de diluidores comerciais na motilidade, funcionalidade e integridade da membrana plasmática do espermatozoide bovino / Comparison of commercial diluents on motility, functionality and integrity of plasma membrane of bovine spermatozoa

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o efeito de três diluidores comerciais (Tryladil®, Botu-Bov® e OptiXcell®) na qualidade do espermatozoide bovino após o processo de criogenia. Para tal, foram utilizados oito touros da raça Nelore (2 ejaculados/touro). As amostras de sêmen fresco, diluído e pós-descongelamento foram avaliadas, comparando os parâmetros de motilidade total, vigor, funcionalidade da membrana (HOST) e integridade da membrana (eosina). Os dados foram expressos em média e desvio padrão. As variáveis foram submetidas às análises de ANOVA e Tukey ou teste de Friedman e Dunn's, dependendo da normalidade (p< 0,05). Os achados mostram que no momento da diluição não houve diferença (p˃0,005) entre os diluidores comerciais nos parâmetros avaliados (exceto integridade da membrana plasmática). No entanto, no momento do pós-descongelamento os espermatozoides criopreservados utilizando-se o diluidor Tryladil® apresentaram maiores valores (p˂0,005) referentes a integridade e funcionalidade da membrana plasmática comparado aos diluídos em Botu-Bov® e OptIXcell®. Os parâmetros relacionados a cinética espermática (motilidade e vigor) não se diferiram (p˃0,005) entre os diluidores comerciais utilizados. Em conclusão, no momento pós-descongelamento o diluidor Tryladil® apresentou os melhores resultados nos parâmetros de integridade e funcionalidade da membrana plasmática. Sendo assim, recomenda-se o diluidor Tryladil® para criopreservação de sêmen de bovinos da raça Nelore.

The main of the study was to compare the quality of frozen bull semen processed with three different commercially extenders (Tryladil®, Botu-Bov® and OptiXcell®). For this, eight Nelore bulls (two ejaculate per bull). Sperm samples were analyzed fresh, diluted and frozen-thawed. The parameters analyzed were total motility, sperm vigor, functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane (HOST) and plasma membrane integrity (eosin). Date were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The variables were subjected to ANOVA (Tukey test) or Friedman (Dunn's test) test according to normality (p< 0,05). The results indicate that there was no difference (p˃0,005) among all treatments in the parameters evaluated (except plasma membrane integrity) at dilution moment. However, Tryladil extender promoted an increase (p˂0,005) in functional and integrity of sperm plasma membrane compared with others extenders at the post-thawing analyze. After thawing, there was no difference (p˃0,005) among all treatments in the kinetic parameters. In conclusion, the Tryladil® extender promoted an increase in functional and integrity of frozen-thawed sperm plasma membrane. Therefore, the Tryladil® extender is recommended to be use as an extender for Nelore bull sperm cryopreservation.

Postioplastia en toros cebuínos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia / Posthioplasty in Zebu bulls in the Department of Córdoba, Colombia / Postioplastia em touros zebuínos do estado de Córdoba, Colombia

Resumen La postitis es una patología que afecta a la mucosa parietal y extremo anterior de las vainas conjuntivales del prepucio, con afectación de la porción tegumentaria o sin esta, y que puede incapacitar la protrusión del pene. Dentro de las causas predisponentes en toros están las particularidades morfogenéticas, traumáticas, infecciosas pruriginosas, y en el caso del contexto del presente estudio una de las más frecuentes es la falta de higiene. Los signos más evidentes son: dificultad o imposibilidad para copular, edema, necrosis de mucosa prolapsada, miasis, hemorragia, absceso, retención urinaria, hipertermia local y dolor a la palpación. El tratamiento médico o quirúrgico depende de la valoración de la lesión y libido, del valor del toro, la edad, el compromiso peneano, el manejo y las complicaciones posoperatorias, el personal capacitado, entre otras. En esta investigación se realizó un estudio descriptivo no probabilístico en animales padrotes. Se describió el seguimiento médico-quirúrgico de toros con edades entre los 4,5 y los 9 años, con enfermedad de mucosa y tejido conjuntivo prepucial. A la exploración, la constante clínica fue disminución de la libido, inflamación ulcerosa de mucosa prepucial, fimosis, y en siete de ellos, retención urinaria en el saco. El objetivo de este informe fue describir la técnica quirúrgica que se utilizó para la solución de una serie de 25 casos de postitis en toros cebú del departamento de Córdoba (Colombia).

Abstract Posthitis is a pathology that affects the parietal mucosa and the extreme anterior of the connective sheaths of the prepuce, with or without involvement of the tegumentary portion, and can impede the protrusion of the penis. Predisposing causes in bulls include morphogenetic, traumatic, and infectious pruritic characteristics; in the present study, one of the most frequent causes was lack of hygiene. The most obvious signs are: difficult or impossible copulation, edema, necrosis of prolapsed mucosa, myiasis, hemorrhage, abscess, urinary retention, local hyperthermia, and pain at palpation. Medical or surgical treatment depends on the assessment of the lesion and libido, the value of the bull, age, penile involvement, management and postoperative complications, and availability of trained personnel, among others. This research presents a non-probabilistic descriptive study of breeding animals, describing the medical-surgical follow-up of bulls aged between 4.5 and 9 years with disease of the mucosa and connective tissue of the prepuce. At examination, constant clinical symptoms were decreased libido, ulcerative inflammation of the preputial mucosa, phimosis, and, in 7 animals, urinary retention in the sac. The objective of this report was to describe the surgical technique used for the solution of a series of 25 cases of posthitis in Zebu bulls in the Department of Córdoba, Colombia.

Resumo A postite é uma patologia que afeta a mucosa parietal e o extremo anterior dos freios conjuntivais do prepúcio, com afetação da porção tegumentária ou sem esta, e que pode incapacitar a protrusão do pênis. Dentro das causas de pré-disposição nos touros estão as particularidades morfogenéticas, traumáticas, infecciosas pruriginosas, e no caso do contexto deste estudo uma das mais frequentes é a falta de higiene. Os sinais mais evidentes são: dificuldade ou impossibilidade para copular, edema, necrose de mucosa prolapsada, miíase, hemorragia, abcesso, retenção urinária, hipertermia local e dor à palpação. O tratamento médico o cirúrgico depende da avaliação da lesão e libido, do valor do touro, a idade, o compromisso peniano, o manejo e as complicações pós-operatórias, o pessoal capacitado, entre outras. Nesta pesquisa se realizou um estudo descritivo não probabilístico em animais reprodutores. Se descreveu o seguimento médico cirúrgico de touros com idades entre os 4,5 e os 9 anos, com doença de mucosa e tecido conjuntivo prepucial. Durante o exame, a constante clínica foi a diminuição da libido, inflamação ulcerosa de mucosa prepucial, fimose, e em sete deles, retenção urinária no saco. O objetivo deste informe foi descrever a técnica cirúrgica utilizada na solução de uma série de 25 casos de postite em touros zebu do estado de Córdoba (Colômbia).

The effect of feed intake containing whole cottonseed on blood parameters of Nellore bulls / Efeito do consumo de rações contendo caroço de algodão sobre parâmetros sanguíneos de bovinos Nelore

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing whole cottonseed (WC) on blood biochemical parameters of bulls. Thirty bulls with 30±6 months and 382.7±28.4kg were kept in feedlot (85 days) and fed the following WC levels: 0, 2.22, 4.44, 6.66, 8.88 and 11.11%. In comparing biochemical indicators from the beginning to the end of the experiment, the control group (CG) and those fed diets containing 2.22, 8.88 and 11.11% of WC had an increase (P<0.05) in serum Ca concentrations (8.34±0.65−9.56±0.92mEqL-1). In relation to Fe (202.79±69.04−300.04±79.88µg/dL), the CG and those treated with 6.66% WC showed an increase (P<0.05) in serum concentrations. As to the Mg (1.92±0.18−2.40±0.27mEqL-1), groups treated with diet containing 2.22, 4.44 and 6.66% of WC had higher (p<0.05) concentrations at the end of the study. Regarding blood lipids, groups with diets containing 2.22; 4.44; 6.66 and 8.88% of WC increased (p<0.05), respectively, in concentrations of HDL, TG, VLDL and COL. The group that received 11.11% of WC increased (P<0.05) in the concentrations of COL and HDL. It can be concluded that diets containing WC, caused no alterations in the concentrations of blood parameters analyzed in this study, with the exception of Mg.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de dietas contendo caroço de algodão (CA) sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos de bovinos. Trinta touros com 30±6 meses e 382,7±28,4kg foram confinados (85 dias) e receberam dietas com as seguintes proporções de CA: 0; 2,22; 4,44; 6,66; 8,88, e 11,11%. Ao se compararem as concentrações dos indicadores bioquímicos do início com as do final do experimento, foi observado que o grupo controle e aqueles com dietas contendo 2,22; 8,88 e 11,11% de CA apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) na concentração sérica de Ca (8,34±0,65−9,56±0,92 mEqL-1). Já em relação ao Fe (202,79±69,04−300,04±79,88µg/dL), observou-se que apenas o grupo controle e aquele tratado com 6,66% apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) em sua concentração. Quanto ao Mg (1,92±0,18−2,40±0,27 mEqL-1), os grupos tratados com 2,22; 4,44 e 6,66% de CA apresentaram maiores concentrações (P<0,05) ao final do estudo. Com relação aos lipídeos sanguíneos, os grupos com dietas contendo 2,22; 4,44; 6,66 e 8,88% de CA tiveram aumento (P<0,05), respectivamente, nas concentrações de HDL, TG, VLDL e COL. O grupo que recebeu 11,11% de CA teve aumento (P<0,05) nas concentrações de COL e HDL. Conclui-se que as dietas contendo CA não causaram alterações (P>0,05) nas concentrações dos parâmetros sanguíneos analisados, com exceção do Mg.(AU)

Sensitivity evaluation of the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) in the determination of frozen-thawed bull semen concentration / Avaliação da sensibilidade da técnica computadorizada de análise (CASA) para a determinação da concentração espermática do sêmen bovino congelado

Sperm concentration is traditionally evaluated by counting cells in a hemocytometric Neubauer chamber, often a highly subjective, time-consuming, and laborious technique prevalent in andrology laboratories around the world. However, the Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) represents a more consistent method of evaluating sperm concentration that may provide enhancing efficiencies of sperm count. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of these two methods in the analysis of post-thaw concentration of bovine semen. Four hundred and twenty five batches of semen from different bulls were selected, thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds and then homogenized. Aliquots of 40 µL of semen were diluted in 960 µL of distilled water, fixing the rate at 1:25 dilution for analysis in a Neubauer chamber. Conversely, aliquots of 5 µL for each semen dose were submitted to CASA, considered a minimum of five random fields and 2000 sperm count per analysis. The average concentration of sperm cells was 38.96a ± 1.28 in the Neubauer analysis and 35.14b ± 0.82 for the CASA, with the correlation coefficient of 0.87 (P < 0.0001) and reliability of 0.78 (scale ranging from 0 to 1) between the two methods. In conclusion, the results of two techniques for assessing sperm concentration have similar results. However the CASA methodology would yield greater benefit due to precision, consistency, and reduced disposal issues, particularly for large processing laboratories.(AU)

Tradicionalmente, a concentração espermática é avaliada por meio da contagem de células em câmara hemocitométrica de Neubauer, técnica laboriosa adotada na rotina dos laboratórios de andrologia. Uma alternativa para essa contagem é a técnica computadorizada de avaliação espermática (CASA), método que pode aumentar a eficiência e acurácia na determinação da concentração de espermatozoides em uma amostra de sêmen. O presente trabalho relata a avaliação da sensibilidade da técnica CASA para o acesso da concentração de espermatozoides bovinos em pósdescongelação. Foram selecionadas 425 doses de sêmen de reprodutores de diferentes raças, descongeladas a 37°C por 30 segundos e homogeneizadas. Alíquotas de 40 µL de sêmen foram transferidas para tubos cônicos de 1,5 mL previamente preenchidos com 960 µL de água destilada, fixando a taxa de diluição em 1:25 para contagem em câmara de Neubauer. Em contrapartida, alíquotas de 5 µL de cada dose de sêmen foram avaliadas com o emprego do sistema CASA considerando o número mínimo de cinco campos aleatórios e 2 mil espermatozoides por análise. A concentração média de células espermáticas foi de 38,96a ± 1,28 e 35,14b ± 0,82,respectivamente para amostras avaliadas em câmara de Neubauer ou sistema computadorizado, apresentando o coeficiente de correlação de 0,87 (P < 0.0001) e concordância de 0,78 (escala de 0 a 1). Conclui-se que as duas técnicas de avaliação da concentração espermática possuem eficiência similar. No entanto, em virtude da precisão, rapidez e por dispensar a diluição prévia das amostras para a contagem, a CASA é uma alternativa para a contagem de células espermáticas em câmara de Neubauer, sobretudo para grandes centrais de produção de sêmen bovino congelado.(AU)

Chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Abortiporus biennis / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A.biennis fruiting bodies was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Six compounds were isolated and identified as (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3ββ-ol (1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epoxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2),cerevisterol (3),(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8 (14),22-tetraen-3-one (4),1,3-dioleoyl-2-1inoleoylglycerol (5),cereboside B (6).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this fungus for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Abortiporus biennis / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A.biennis fruiting bodies was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Six compounds were isolated and identified as (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3ββ-ol (1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epoxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2),cerevisterol (3),(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8 (14),22-tetraen-3-one (4),1,3-dioleoyl-2-1inoleoylglycerol (5),cereboside B (6).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this fungus for the first time.